List of Artificial Intelligence Researchers
Marvin Minsky
His short bio is at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_Minsky
He would like to simulate the whole human brain. His approach is top down. Read his books
Society of Mind and The Emotion Machine.
His simulation accents the ability to learn common sense knowledge and converse like a
human companion could do.
Rodney Brooks
His short bio is at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_Brooks
Brooks has focused on biologically-inspired robotic architectures that address basic
perceptual and sensorimotor tasks. Brooks has argued that interacting with the physical
world is far more difficult than symbolically reasoning about it.
http://people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/papers/elephants.pdf
Hans Moravec
His short bio is at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Moravec
His corporate leaders are at: http://www.seegrid.com/leadershipteam.html
Moravec was a cofounder of SEEGRID Corporation in 2003 which is a robotics company with
one of its goals being to develop a fully autonomous robot capable of navigating its
environment without human intervention. He is trying to do it all with vision.
Practical applications: http://www.smartcaddy.net/howtheywork.html
John R. Koza
Has written a series of books on Genetic Programming
Peter Norvig, Director of Search Quality, Google
The History and Future of Technological Change
- emphasizes findings that on political issues, educated laypeople can be just as effective as
“expert” theorists
- shows that GDP has increased at a steady rate without large jumps due to technology
- life expectancy steadily increasing, no marked acceleration though
- field he made up: AGS: artificial general space exploration
- talks about his “former life” at NASA Ames
- they sent people to a crater in the Arctic to understand what it would like to be an astronaut
- using it to simulate Mars exploration
- another field that’s made up - AGMS - artificial general materials science
- no one is saying “we need one material that can have all these special properties”
- he talked to the Nobelist of RNA interference who said he was extremely excited about the
future of AI - not biotech!
- AGC: artificial general culture
- what makes humans distinct is not our individual intelligence but our collective
intelligence
- he believes the Singularity will be a period, not an event
Douglas Lenat
His short bio is at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Lenat
His company is at: http://www.cyc.com/
Jeff Hawkins
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Hawkins
Jeff Hawkins company Numenta: www.numenta.com
I heard Jeff speak at MIT's Emerging Technologies Conference.
You may listen to that speech at: http://mitworld.mit.edu/stream/314/
Recent article "Learn Like a Human" at: http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/apr07/4982/1
He is using Matlab to do his simulations and that may make his simulations quite slow. He is
only trying to simulate the neocortex, which may be 60% of the mass of the brain but contains
fewer neurons than the cerebellum. More recently evolved structures are less compact than
older ones are.
Raymond Kurzweil
His next book will be about how to construct a human brain.
Here is a YouTube video of the Six Epochs from The Singularity is Near:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOC0DBvhuaY
Ben Goertzle
http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/goertzel.html
BEN GOERTZEL is founder Chairman, and Chief Technology Officer of Webmind Inc., and the
chief architect of the Webmind AI system which not only understands the meaning of
concepts expressed in text, speech and numerical data patterns, but also creates its own ideas
based on the information it accesses.
Decade of the Mind
The Decade of the Brain was from 1990 to 2000. This proposal is for a decade of the Mind,
rather than Brain.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/71750.php
"World-renowned scientists convened at George Mason University on May 21 and 22, 2007 to
call for a 10-year intellectual revolution - the "decade of the mind." The proceedings that will
be published after this historic gathering will make the case for a $4 billion public research
initiative dedicated to reaching the next level of understanding the human brain--the yet-to-
be-discovered inner workings of the mind."
http://krasnow.gmu.edu/decade
Krasnow Institute
Microsoft
Microsoft Robotics Studio
IBM at Almaden research center is simulating single neurons and then groups of neurons.
can simulate a mouse brain at 1/6th speed.
In PC Mag: http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1895,2147452,00.asp
"The Man-Made Brain
It could be the most ambitious computer science project of all time. At IBM's Almaden
Research Center, just south of South Francisco, Dharmendra Modha and his team are chasing
the holy grail of artificial intelligence. They aren't looking for ways of mimicking the human
brain, they're looking to build one—neuron by neuron, synapse by synapse."
D. Modha at IBM: http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/people/dmodha/
Fellow who is actually doing the mouse brain. It is a poor replication at this point.
Yahoo
Expanding their search engine capabilities.
http://www.yahoo.com
Google
Most popular search engine. They are adding many new sites with huge numbers of
computers.
irazoo
A search engine which looks for conscious feedback from users.
www.irazoo.com
It doesn't do something as simple as finding the "latest best laptop" because it doesn't look at
the date that a review was made. It might give me a review of laptops written in 2002, for
example. Simple example by example learning doesn't work because learning that I want the
latest review of laptops isn't generalized by the irazoo search engine so that it applies to the
"latest best hybrid automobiles" Google's approach of adding on one function at a time stands
a better chance of getting somewhere in an evolutionary sense. For example, Google might
allow me to search for web pages created recently by making me type "recent two weeks:" for
now and later it might understand my syntax when I search for "latest best laptop review."
Robocup is an organization which talks about Humans versus Humanoids in soccer
competitions of the future: http://www.robocup.org/
NASA's Robonaut can find a nut, a wrench and a bolt and use the wrench to install the bolt
over the threaded bolt. Is their technique for doing this impressive?
They are working on Robonaut 2 with General Motors.
Philip Rosedale http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Rosedale
Second Life is a place where one can experiment with autonomous robots. It has physics laws
as per Aegia. Philip Rosedale is Founder and CEO Linden Laboratories, and creator of Second
Life. Rosedale has stated that his goal with Second Life is to demonstrate a viable model for a
virtual economy or virtual society. In his own words, "I'm not building a game. I'm building a
new country."
Implications: Such simulations can go beyond Sim City and Sim Earth and create a simulated
world where economic and social theories can be tested and advanced.
Robert Hecht-Nielsen, UCSD Jacob's School of Engineering.
http://www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/faculty/faculty_bios/findprofile.pl?fmp_recid=89
An authority on neural networks, he introduced the first comprehensive theory of the
mammalian cerebral cortex and thalamus in 2002. His research revolves around scientific
testing, elaboration, and extension of this theory.
He proposes the Confabulation Theory of how the mind works and has a working
conversationalist hardware which does quite well at forming sentences.
www.fairisaac.com/NR/exeres/CEA91041-C2FE-4299-AFE8-46B71DAADF1F,frameless.htm
Email him at: rhechtnielsen@ucsd.edu
Here is what UCSD is doing in AI:
http://www.cse.ucsd.edu/facresearch/themes/artificialintelligence.html
Andrew Moore
http://www.autonlab.org/tutorials/pac.html
I have recently joined Google, and am starting up the new Google Pittsburgh office on CMU's
campus. We are hiring creative computer scientists who love programming, and Machine
Learning is one the focus areas of the office. If you might be interested, feel welcome to send
me email: awm@google.com .
Sebastian Thrun, Assoc. Prof. Stanford
Led team winning the 2006 DARPA Grand Challenge
Red Whittacre
As of Sept 2007, Red seems to be working on the Darpa Urban Challenge
ALEKSANDER, IGOR How to Build a Mind; toward machines with imagination (Columbia
University Press, New York, 2001)
J. Storrs Hall, Author of Beyond AI: Creating the Conscience of the Machine
- law #4: a robot shall be trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful,
thrifty
- summary: he thinks robots should be boy scouts
Steve Jurvetson, Draper Fischer Jurvetson, 1:30 - 2:00PM
Dichotomy of Designed and Evolutionary Paths to AI Futures
- asked people whether they think AI will be designed or evolved
- 1/5 said designed, about 2/3 said evolved
- DFJ invests about $5 billion
- he talks very fast, very impressive
- nanotech futures: top-down vs. bottom-up
- progress in nanotech using bio-components
- he finds bottom-up more interesting and more near-term potential
- “we will not engineer an AI, rather we will set up the right conditions under which an
intelligence can emerge.”
Kevin Warwick outlines his plan to become one with his computer Web:
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.02/warwick.html
Center for Extreme Quantum Information Theory at MIT
http://xqit.mit.edu/people.htm
Barney Pell
Powerset CEO
Steven Omohundro
Self-Aware Systems
Sam S. Adams, IBM Distinguished Engineer, IBM Research Division
Superstition and Forgetfulness – Two Essentials for Artificial General Intelligence
Joshua Blue Project http://www.csupomona.edu/~nalvarado/PDFs/AAAI.pdf
- everything we ever learn starts off as a first time experience, we have no idea whether or not
it’s going to repeat
- “superstition’? yes, but grounded by experience
- aggressive forgetfulness is the way to get rid of superstitions that aren’t useful
- evidence that forgetfulness is happening in a continual way in the human brain
- superstition + forgetfulness = general intelligence?
- project has been in full swing since 2002
- needs better hardware to do the algorithms justice
- where’s the pathway to AI? Follow the child.
http://reason.com/news/show/122423.html
Victor Zykov, Cornell
Others Involved in AI Concerns
George Dyson Last seen at Digital Life Design 2007 where his talk was called "Darwin Among
the Machines" as is the title of his book published October 1, 1998.
EVOLUTION
Douglas Adams
Pascal Boyer
Charles Darwin
Richard Dawkins
Daniel C. Dennett
Albert Ellis
Brian Flemming
Chris Floyd
Sam Harris
James Lovelock
Gregor Mendel
Harlan B. Miller
Ken Miller
Ellery Schempp
Niall Shanks
Mano Singham
Alfred Wallace
COGNITION
Benard J. Baars
Susan Blackmore
David Chalmers
Chris Chatham
Juan Cole
Francis Crick
Antonio Damasio
Daniel C. Dennett
Gerald M. Edelman
Jerry Fodor
Walter J. Freeman
Peter Hankins
Steven Lehar
Benjamin Libet
Joel Marks
Johnjoe McFadden
Ken Mogi
Roger Penrose
Richard Pico
Steven Pinker
Susan Pockett
Johnathan Shear
ARTIFICIAL LIFE De Grey, Aubrey \
Steve Grand
Stiart Kaufman
Steven Levy
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Paul Almond
Rodney Brooks
Monica R. Cowart
Hugo De Garis
Stan Franklin
Ben Goertzel
Peter Hankins
Jeff Hawkins
Daniel Hillis
Douglas Hofstadter
Marvin L. Minsky
Sebastian Thrun
Alan Turing
Sam Williams
LINGUISTICS
Noam Chomsky
Index
Marvin Minsky
His short bio is at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_Minsky
He would like to simulate the whole human brain. His approach is top down. Read his books
Society of Mind and The Emotion Machine.
His simulation accents the ability to learn common sense knowledge and converse like a
human companion could do.
Rodney Brooks
His short bio is at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_Brooks
Brooks has focused on biologically-inspired robotic architectures that address basic
perceptual and sensorimotor tasks. Brooks has argued that interacting with the physical
world is far more difficult than symbolically reasoning about it.
http://people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/papers/elephants.pdf
Hans Moravec
His short bio is at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Moravec
His corporate leaders are at: http://www.seegrid.com/leadershipteam.html
Moravec was a cofounder of SEEGRID Corporation in 2003 which is a robotics company with
one of its goals being to develop a fully autonomous robot capable of navigating its
environment without human intervention. He is trying to do it all with vision.
Practical applications: http://www.smartcaddy.net/howtheywork.html
John R. Koza
Has written a series of books on Genetic Programming
Peter Norvig, Director of Search Quality, Google
The History and Future of Technological Change
- emphasizes findings that on political issues, educated laypeople can be just as effective as
“expert” theorists
- shows that GDP has increased at a steady rate without large jumps due to technology
- life expectancy steadily increasing, no marked acceleration though
- field he made up: AGS: artificial general space exploration
- talks about his “former life” at NASA Ames
- they sent people to a crater in the Arctic to understand what it would like to be an astronaut
- using it to simulate Mars exploration
- another field that’s made up - AGMS - artificial general materials science
- no one is saying “we need one material that can have all these special properties”
- he talked to the Nobelist of RNA interference who said he was extremely excited about the
future of AI - not biotech!
- AGC: artificial general culture
- what makes humans distinct is not our individual intelligence but our collective
intelligence
- he believes the Singularity will be a period, not an event
Douglas Lenat
His short bio is at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Lenat
His company is at: http://www.cyc.com/
Jeff Hawkins
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Hawkins
Jeff Hawkins company Numenta: www.numenta.com
I heard Jeff speak at MIT's Emerging Technologies Conference.
You may listen to that speech at: http://mitworld.mit.edu/stream/314/
Recent article "Learn Like a Human" at: http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/apr07/4982/1
He is using Matlab to do his simulations and that may make his simulations quite slow. He is
only trying to simulate the neocortex, which may be 60% of the mass of the brain but contains
fewer neurons than the cerebellum. More recently evolved structures are less compact than
older ones are.
Raymond Kurzweil
His next book will be about how to construct a human brain.
Here is a YouTube video of the Six Epochs from The Singularity is Near:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOC0DBvhuaY
Ben Goertzle
http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/goertzel.html
BEN GOERTZEL is founder Chairman, and Chief Technology Officer of Webmind Inc., and the
chief architect of the Webmind AI system which not only understands the meaning of
concepts expressed in text, speech and numerical data patterns, but also creates its own ideas
based on the information it accesses.
Decade of the Mind
The Decade of the Brain was from 1990 to 2000. This proposal is for a decade of the Mind,
rather than Brain.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/71750.php
"World-renowned scientists convened at George Mason University on May 21 and 22, 2007 to
call for a 10-year intellectual revolution - the "decade of the mind." The proceedings that will
be published after this historic gathering will make the case for a $4 billion public research
initiative dedicated to reaching the next level of understanding the human brain--the yet-to-
be-discovered inner workings of the mind."
http://krasnow.gmu.edu/decade
Krasnow Institute
Microsoft
Microsoft Robotics Studio
IBM at Almaden research center is simulating single neurons and then groups of neurons.
can simulate a mouse brain at 1/6th speed.
In PC Mag: http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1895,2147452,00.asp
"The Man-Made Brain
It could be the most ambitious computer science project of all time. At IBM's Almaden
Research Center, just south of South Francisco, Dharmendra Modha and his team are chasing
the holy grail of artificial intelligence. They aren't looking for ways of mimicking the human
brain, they're looking to build one—neuron by neuron, synapse by synapse."
D. Modha at IBM: http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/people/dmodha/
Fellow who is actually doing the mouse brain. It is a poor replication at this point.
Yahoo
Expanding their search engine capabilities.
http://www.yahoo.com
Most popular search engine. They are adding many new sites with huge numbers of
computers.
irazoo
A search engine which looks for conscious feedback from users.
www.irazoo.com
It doesn't do something as simple as finding the "latest best laptop" because it doesn't look at
the date that a review was made. It might give me a review of laptops written in 2002, for
example. Simple example by example learning doesn't work because learning that I want the
latest review of laptops isn't generalized by the irazoo search engine so that it applies to the
"latest best hybrid automobiles" Google's approach of adding on one function at a time stands
a better chance of getting somewhere in an evolutionary sense. For example, Google might
allow me to search for web pages created recently by making me type "recent two weeks:" for
now and later it might understand my syntax when I search for "latest best laptop review."
Robocup is an organization which talks about Humans versus Humanoids in soccer
competitions of the future: http://www.robocup.org/
NASA's Robonaut can find a nut, a wrench and a bolt and use the wrench to install the bolt
over the threaded bolt. Is their technique for doing this impressive?
They are working on Robonaut 2 with General Motors.
Philip Rosedale http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Rosedale
Second Life is a place where one can experiment with autonomous robots. It has physics laws
as per Aegia. Philip Rosedale is Founder and CEO Linden Laboratories, and creator of Second
Life. Rosedale has stated that his goal with Second Life is to demonstrate a viable model for a
virtual economy or virtual society. In his own words, "I'm not building a game. I'm building a
new country."
Implications: Such simulations can go beyond Sim City and Sim Earth and create a simulated
world where economic and social theories can be tested and advanced.
Robert Hecht-Nielsen, UCSD Jacob's School of Engineering.
http://www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/faculty/faculty_bios/findprofile.pl?fmp_recid=89
An authority on neural networks, he introduced the first comprehensive theory of the
mammalian cerebral cortex and thalamus in 2002. His research revolves around scientific
testing, elaboration, and extension of this theory.
He proposes the Confabulation Theory of how the mind works and has a working
conversationalist hardware which does quite well at forming sentences.
www.fairisaac.com/NR/exeres/CEA91041-C2FE-4299-AFE8-46B71DAADF1F,frameless.htm
Email him at: rhechtnielsen@ucsd.edu
Here is what UCSD is doing in AI:
http://www.cse.ucsd.edu/facresearch/themes/artificialintelligence.html
Andrew Moore
http://www.autonlab.org/tutorials/pac.html
I have recently joined Google, and am starting up the new Google Pittsburgh office on CMU's
campus. We are hiring creative computer scientists who love programming, and Machine
Learning is one the focus areas of the office. If you might be interested, feel welcome to send
me email: awm@google.com .
Sebastian Thrun, Assoc. Prof. Stanford
Led team winning the 2006 DARPA Grand Challenge
Red Whittacre
As of Sept 2007, Red seems to be working on the Darpa Urban Challenge
ALEKSANDER, IGOR How to Build a Mind; toward machines with imagination (Columbia
University Press, New York, 2001)
J. Storrs Hall, Author of Beyond AI: Creating the Conscience of the Machine
- law #4: a robot shall be trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful,
thrifty
- summary: he thinks robots should be boy scouts
Steve Jurvetson, Draper Fischer Jurvetson, 1:30 - 2:00PM
Dichotomy of Designed and Evolutionary Paths to AI Futures
- asked people whether they think AI will be designed or evolved
- 1/5 said designed, about 2/3 said evolved
- DFJ invests about $5 billion
- he talks very fast, very impressive
- nanotech futures: top-down vs. bottom-up
- progress in nanotech using bio-components
- he finds bottom-up more interesting and more near-term potential
- “we will not engineer an AI, rather we will set up the right conditions under which an
intelligence can emerge.”
Kevin Warwick outlines his plan to become one with his computer Web:
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.02/warwick.html
Center for Extreme Quantum Information Theory at MIT
http://xqit.mit.edu/people.htm
Barney Pell
Powerset CEO
Steven Omohundro
Self-Aware Systems
Sam S. Adams, IBM Distinguished Engineer, IBM Research Division
Superstition and Forgetfulness – Two Essentials for Artificial General Intelligence
Joshua Blue Project http://www.csupomona.edu/~nalvarado/PDFs/AAAI.pdf
- More importantly, however, we believe that integrating emotion and motivation with cognition is essential to
achieving common sense reasoning and natural language understanding, to autonomous learning, and to goal-
setting. In short, this integration is essential to endowing a computer with the ability to comprehend
“meaning” as humans do.
- everything we ever learn starts off as a first time experience, we have no idea whether or not
it’s going to repeat
- “superstition’? yes, but grounded by experience
- aggressive forgetfulness is the way to get rid of superstitions that aren’t useful
- evidence that forgetfulness is happening in a continual way in the human brain
- superstition + forgetfulness = general intelligence?
- project has been in full swing since 2002
- needs better hardware to do the algorithms justice
- where’s the pathway to AI? Follow the child.
http://reason.com/news/show/122423.html
Victor Zykov, Cornell
Others Involved in AI Concerns
George Dyson Last seen at Digital Life Design 2007 where his talk was called "Darwin Among
the Machines" as is the title of his book published October 1, 1998.
EVOLUTION
Douglas Adams
Pascal Boyer
Charles Darwin
Richard Dawkins
Daniel C. Dennett
Albert Ellis
Brian Flemming
Chris Floyd
Sam Harris
James Lovelock
Gregor Mendel
Harlan B. Miller
Ken Miller
Ellery Schempp
Niall Shanks
Mano Singham
Alfred Wallace
COGNITION
Benard J. Baars
Susan Blackmore
David Chalmers
Chris Chatham
Juan Cole
Francis Crick
Antonio Damasio
Daniel C. Dennett
Gerald M. Edelman
Jerry Fodor
Walter J. Freeman
Peter Hankins
Steven Lehar
Benjamin Libet
Joel Marks
Johnjoe McFadden
Ken Mogi
Roger Penrose
Richard Pico
Steven Pinker
Susan Pockett
Johnathan Shear
ARTIFICIAL LIFE De Grey, Aubrey \
Steve Grand
Stiart Kaufman
Steven Levy
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Paul Almond
Rodney Brooks
Monica R. Cowart
Hugo De Garis
Stan Franklin
Ben Goertzel
Peter Hankins
Jeff Hawkins
Daniel Hillis
Douglas Hofstadter
Marvin L. Minsky
Sebastian Thrun
Alan Turing
Sam Williams
LINGUISTICS
Noam Chomsky
Index
 | |  | |  | |  |