In addition to desktop manufacturing systems, manufacturing ships on the ocean can be used to
construct products that need minerals that are available in seawater.  Our biologists will need to
create new forms of life in order to keep the ecology of the ocean balanced.

Nanotechnology can be used to manufacture new forms of life.  With the advent of desktop
manufacturing, there is likely to be an exponential growth in the number of new species created on
the Earth.  Earlier than 2035, the trend might have been to decrease diversity of organic forms of
life as new inorganic items were created in large quantities.  Old bottles and cans littered the
streams and bodies of water thus detracting from the beauty of nature.  With new organically based
products, however, bottles and cans that degrade naturally will become common.  These new
products might be made of new proteins that in turn may require new forms of bacteria in the
environment to allow them to degrade gracefully.  The history of the earth is one in which new life
evolves and old forms of life become extinct.  99.99% of the forms of life that ever existed on the
earth are now extinct.  The future of the earth is likely to see the same pattern only accelerated
by the progress of directed evolution that will overtake the competitive, “survival of the fittest
natural evolution” that has been the rule up until recently.

After 2035, however, the trend of creating new forms of life might be in danger of getting out of
hand.  We will need huge supercomputers to keep track of the large number of new species being
invented and created on desktop systems.  In order to keep things in check, we may have to set up a
triage system to prevent an uncontrolled explosion of new species on earth.  Certain creatures like
mosquitoes, flies and cockroaches might need to be eliminated from the ecology to make room for
more useful species.

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